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Can Glycolic Acid Remove Pigmentation? Your Questions Answered

Dr. Mugi Anju

5 Min Read

Fast Check Fact Checked

If you struggle with dark spots, uneven skin tone, or lingering acne marks, you’re not alone. Hyperpigmentation is a widespread skin concern that can affect anyone. Fortunately, a well-established ingredient in dermatology might hold the key to a brighter complexion: glycolic acid. This potent alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) is known for its exfoliating properties. But does it truly work for fading those stubborn areas of discoloration? Let’s explore glycolic acid’s potential and understand how to use it safely and effectively for a more even-toned complexion.

What is hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation occurs when certain areas of your skin produce excess melanin, the pigment responsible for giving our skin its color. This overproduction can lead to dark spots, patches, or an overall uneven skin tone. Here are the common culprits behind hyperpigmentation:

Sun exposure: UV radiation is a major trigger for melanin production. Sunspots or age spots are a telltale sign of prolonged sun damage.
Melasma: This patchy hyperpigmentation often appears on the face and is linked to hormonal changes, such as pregnancy or birth control pills.
Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): These are dark spots left behind after acne breakouts, cuts, burns, or other skin injuries..
Medication reactions: Certain medications can cause photosensitivity, making the skin more susceptible to sun-induced hyperpigmentation. For example, certain antibiotics such as Tetracyclines and Fluoroquinolones is known to cause hyperpigmentation (ref).
Underlying medical conditions: Some systemic diseases, hormonal conditions, and even nutritional deficiencies can manifest as hyperpigmentation. For example, Addison’s disease and Hemochromatosis.

How does Glycolic acid work on pigmentation?

Glycolic acid, derived from sugarcane, is the smallest of all the alpha-hydroxy acids. Its key actions make it an ally in the fight against pigmentation:

Exfoliation: It dissolves the bonds between dead skin cells, accelerating the shedding of the dull, pigmented top layer to reveal fresh, brighter skin underneath.
Melanin disruption: Glycolic acid can interfere with the melanin synthesis pathway, helping to slow down excessive pigment production.

Read: Can a dark-skinned person become fair?

Cell turnover: By stimulating cellular renewal, it speeds up the process of fading existing dark spots and revealing a more even complexion.
Collagen boost: Some studies suggest glycolic acid may promote collagen production, improving overall skin texture and reducing the appearance of fine wrinkles and acne scars.

Benefits of using Glycolic acid for pigmentation

With consistent use, glycolic acid offers these benefits for pigmentation issues:

Reduced dark spots: Fades sunspots, age spots, and post-inflammatory marks.
Improved skin tone: Creates a more even, luminous complexion.
Brighter appearance: Reveals a healthier, more radiant glow.
Enhanced skin texture: Helps smooth out rough areas and can minimize the appearance of acne scars.

Read: Is glycolic acid good for your skin?

How to choose and use Glycolic acid products

Start slow: Especially if you’re new to acids, begin with a low concentration (5-8%) and use it only a couple of times a week, gradually increasing as your skin tolerates it.
Product types:
- Cleansers: A good intro, as they have short contact time. You can check out brands like the MFine Derma Essentials.
- Toners: Deliver a more concentrated dose.
- Serums: Often combine glycolic acid with other brighteners (vitamin C, niacinamide). I’d recommend you try the MFine 2% Kojic acid + 10% Glycolic acid Night Serum.
- At-home peels: Higher concentrations (10%+), use these sparingly and with caution.
Sun protection is KEY: Glycolic acid increases skin’s photosensitivity. A broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 50+++ is an absolute must, even on cloudy days. Check out the MFine Sunscreen gel SPF 50/PA+++ if you have an oily or combination skin type or the MFine Sunscreen Lotion SPF 50 PA/+++ if you have sensitive, dry or normal skin types.

MFine 2% Kojic acid + 10% Glycolic acid Night Serum:

mfine glycolic acid night serum

Check product details here.

MFine Sunscreen gel SPF 50/PA+++

mfine sunscreen gel SPF 50+++

Check product details here.

MFine Sunscreen Lotion SPF 50 PA/+++

mfine sunscreen lotion spf 50+++

Check product details here.

Real-life examples

At MFine, we have helped many patients achieve a lighter complexion with some of our proven methods. Here are some success stories.

Neha’s success: “Neha struggled with persistent PIH for months after an acne outbreak. Incorporating a 7% glycolic acid serum twice a week, along with diligent sunscreen use, significantly faded her dark spots within 12 weeks.”

Watch Divya’s a Senior Copywriter’s secret to her flawless skincare routine.

Managing melasma: “For Ankita, melasma caused patches of discoloration on her cheeks. While prescription treatments from her dermatologist were the mainstay, adding a gentle glycolic acid cleanser helped maintain evenness and prevent further darkening.”

If you are looking for a similar solution that works, we are here to help. Contact us today to schedule a consultation.

Consult a dermatologist now!

Important cautions

Not a stand-alone solution: For severe or deep-seated hyperpigmentation, glycolic acid should be part of a dermatologist-prescribed regimen that might include hydroquinone, retinoids, or laser therapies.
Patch test first: Apply a small amount to your inner forearm and wait 24 hours to check for any irritation. This is crucial, even for seemingly mild hyperpigmentation.
Potential side effects: Temporary dryness, redness, tingling, or increased sensitivity are possible, especially at the beginning. Overuse can lead to irritation and worsen pigmentation.
Patience is essential: Noticeable results take time, typically several weeks to months with consistent use. Don’t get discouraged and tempted to over-exfoliate.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is glycolic acid suitable for all skin types?

Yes, but proceed with caution for darker skin tones, as it can occasionally trigger a post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation response. Always start slow and patch test.

Can I use glycolic acid every day?

Generally, not recommended. Begin with 1-2 times a week. Even experienced users often stay at 3-4 times a week to avoid irritation.

How long does it take to see results with glycolic acid?

Initial brightening might be seen within weeks, but significant fading of dark spots often requires 2-3 months of consistent use.

Is glycolic acid better than vitamin C for hyperpigmentation?

Both glycolic acid and vitamin C are effective for hyperpigmentation, but they work in different ways. Glycolic acid excels at fading existing spots, while vitamin C helps prevent new discoloration and provides antioxidant protection. They are often great in combination.

How do I know glycolic acid is working?

Look for a brighter overall complexion, gradually fading dark spots, and smoother skin texture. Remember, noticeable results with glycolic acid usually take weeks to a few months of consistent use.

How to apply glycolic acid to my face?

Start with clean, dry skin. Apply your glycolic acid product (toner, serum, etc.) with a cotton pad or your fingertips, avoiding the eye area. Always follow the product’s instructions regarding whether to leave it on or wash it off.

How many minutes should I leave glycolic acid on my face?

This depends on the product type and your skin’s tolerance. Cleansers have short contact time, some toners/serums are left on, while others are rinsed off. Peels have very specific time limits. Always consult the product label and start with shorter durations if you’re new to glycolic acid.

What to apply after glycolic acid?

Focus on hydrating and soothing your skin. A hyaluronic acid serum followed by a gentle moisturizer is a good choice. In the morning, a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 50+++ is absolutely essential.

MFine 1.5% Hyaluronic Acid Serum

Conclusion

Glycolic acid offers a promising tool for addressing hyperpigmentation, improving skin tone, and promoting a radiant complexion. Remember, slow and steady is the way to go. Combine its use with unwavering sun protection and realistic expectations to reap the maximum benefits. If you have stubborn hyperpigmentation or underlying skin conditions, consult a dermatologist for personalized treatment recommendations.