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Causes and Symptoms of Hypertension: Learn About Hypertension Treatment

With inputs from

Updated on: November 2023

With inputs from

Updated on: November 2023

Reviewed by Dr Raja Indana

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Table of contents

Key Takeaway:
– Read about the symptoms and signs of high blood pressure, along with their different types and reasons for high blood pressure.
– The article explains the causes of high blood pressure.
– This article gives you a detailed overview of the most effective hypertension treatment.
– Also learn about hypertension treatment without surgery and hypertension surgery costs.
– Learn in detail about treatment of hypertension at home and get answers to the frequently asked questions about causes of high blood pressure.

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Chapter 1: What is hypertension?

Hypertension, often known as high or increased blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood vessels’ pressure remains elevated for over a period of time. Every time the heart beats, blood is pumped into the arteries. They transport blood from the heart to all areas of the body.

This article helps you understand the different types of hypertension, the causes of hypertension, symptoms, and hypertension treatment. In addition, it explains the treatment of hypertension according to the types.
A blood pressure reading of 120/80 is considered normal; 126/72 is considered high; 135/85 is considered stage 1 (mild) hypertension, and so on.

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Chapter 2: Types of Hypertension

Treatment of hypertension can help in lessening the symptoms and signs of high blood pressure and controlling the condition. However, the treatments and surgeries depend on the type of hypertension. There are five different types of hypertension:

Essential hypertension: This type of hypertension usually causes no symptoms, but you may experience frequent headaches, tiredness, dizziness, or nose bleeds. Obesity, smoking, alcohol, diet, genetics and exercise all play a major role in causes of hypertension.
Secondary hypertension: There is an identifiable cause in Secondary Hypertension. Over-the-counter medicines such as ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine can cause secondary hypertension (Afrin, Sudafed, and others). The good news is that hypertension may typically be managed if the underlying causes of hypertension are identified. Sleep apnea, adrenal gland illnesses and tumors, hormone imbalances and thyroid disease are all potential causes of high blood pressure (secondary hypertension).
Isolated systolic hypertension: The systolic pressure is the pressure exerted during contraction of the heart; the lower, or second, the number represents the diastolic pressure. This is one of the most frequent causes of hypertension in persons over the age of 60 and is caused by artery flexibility loss. The lower number remains within the normal range, below 90 but the upper number that indicates systolic blood pressure is above 120 mm of hg. Normal blood pressure is less than 120/80.
Malignant hypertension: When your blood pressure increases excessively fast, you have malignant hypertension. Blood pressure reads above 180mm/120 mm of hg. Only approximately 1% of persons with hypertension have this kind of hypertension. Numbness in the arms and legs, hazy vision, disorientation, chest discomfort, and severe headache are some of the signs of high blood pressure. It is more frequent in younger individuals, African-American men and pregnant women.
Resistant hypertension: High blood pressure that does not respond well to intensive medical therapy is referred to as resistant hypertension. hypertension is termed resistant, when Someone is on three different blood pressure medicines at their highest tolerable dosage but still has uncontrolled blood pressure.

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Chapter 3: Causes and Symptoms of hypertension

A ] Causes of hypertension
There are certain risk factors for Hypertension like age, ethnicity, family history, not being physically active, excess alcohol, stress, using tobacco, and too much salt in the diet.

1. Primary hypertension
There are no identified causes of hypertension (elevated blood pressure) in the majority of individuals. This form of high blood pressure, known as primary (essential) hypertension, usually develops gradually over time.

2. Secondary hypertension
Secondary hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that appears abruptly and causes greater blood pressure than primary hypertension. Few reasons for high blood pressure include:

Sleep apnea (obstructive sleep apnea)
Diabetic kidney disease
Tumors of the adrenal gland
Thyroid issues
Certain birth abnormalities (congenital) in blood vessels
Birth control pills, cold treatments, decongestants, over-the-counter pain relievers, and some prescription medicines, such as anti-depressants, are examples of medications.
Cocaine and amphetamines are examples of illegal substances among the leading causes of hypertension.

B ] Symptoms of hypertension
Many persons with hypertension are asymptomatic. People who do have signs of high blood pressure frequently misdiagnose them as indigestion. Other signs of high blood pressure are:

Headaches
Breathing difficulty
Nosebleeds
Flushing
Dizziness
An ache in the chest
Visual modifications
Blood in urine

Hypertension necessitates prompt medical treatment. Signs do not occur in all hypertensive patients, but waiting for a sign of this disease to develop might be fatal.

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Chapter 4: Hypertension treatment

Hypertension Treatment without Surgery

Many of you go through a period of trial with hypertension medicines. You might need to test a variety of drugs before finding a combination of medicines that works for you.
Among the medicines used to treat high blood pressure are:

Beta-blockers: cause your heart to beat slowly and with less force. This decreases blood pressure by reducing the quantity of blood pushed through your arteries with each beat and also reduces the resistances in the arteries. It also prevents a few hormones in your system from elevating your blood pressure.
Diuretics: Excess fluid and sodium in your body can increase your blood pressure. Diuretics are commonly known as water tablets. They assist your kidneys in removing excess salt from your system. As the salt exits your body, excess fluid in your blood circulation flows through your urine, lowering your blood pressure.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: Angiotensin causes constriction of blood vessels and artery walls. ACE inhibitors control the body from yielding as much of this substance. This relaxes the blood vessels and lowers the pressure of blood.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers: Unlike ACE inhibitors, which prevent angiotensin from being produced, ARBs prevent angiotensin from latching to the receptors. Blood vessels will not constrict in the absence of the interaction. This aids in the relaxation of arteries and the reduction of blood pressure.
Calcium channel blockers: These medicines prevent some calcium from accessing your heart’s cardiac muscles. This results in slower heartbeats, contraction and decreased blood pressure. These medications also operate in the blood arteries, relaxing them and reducing blood pressure even further.
Alpha-2 agonists: These medications alter the impulses from nerves that cause constriction of blood vessels. This causes blood arteries to relax, lowering hypertension.

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Hypertension treatment with surgeries:
Renal denervation by ultrasound is a therapy that seeks to lower blood pressure by interrupting the nerves that go to the kidneys. The operation entails introducing a device through a catheter in the crotch to reach up into a renal artery.

Treatment at home is required to treat symptoms and causes of high blood pressure, and if left untreated, it can lead to the following complications:

Heart attack
Stroke
Aneurysm
Heart failure
Kidney damage
Vision loss
Peripheral artery disease
Metabolic syndrome
Erectile dysfunction

Typically, hypertension surgery costs vary depending upon the complications of the patient.
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References

Q1: What Is a Normal Blood Pressure?
A: A healthy blood pressure reading is less than 120/80 mmHg. Every day, no matter your age, you may take action to keep your blood pressure in a healthy range.

Q2: How can I tell if I have high blood pressure?
A: Put your index and middle fingers on the inner wrist of the opposite arm, right below the base of the thumb. Tapping or pulsating should be felt against your fingers. See how strong each pulse is. This is a rough estimation.

Q3. What is the advice for hypertension?
A: Consume nutritious foods. Consume a heart-healthy diet. Try the DASH diet, which emphasises fruits, vegetables, whole grains, chicken, fish, and low-fat dairy items. Consume enough potassium to help prevent and regulate high blood pressure. Reduce your intake of salt, saturated and trans fats, which are one of the reasons for high blood pressure.

Q4. What are the reasons for high blood pressure?

Smoking.
Overweight.
Stagnant lifestyle
Excess salt consumption
Excessive alcohol consumption
Stress
age
Genetics.

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